The Innovator s Dilemm Case Study - 2478 Words

Introduction to the Book The Premise The book â€Å"The Innovator’s Dilemma† talks about how the well-managed companies often fail to stay at the top when they confront certain types market and technological changes. The book not only talks about small or any one company, but those companies which are big and well known for their offerings and timely innovations. There are many factors that lead companies to stumble. They are bureaucracy, arrogance, tired executives, poor planning, short-term investment horizons, inadequate skills and resources and sometimes just a bad luck. In the book, the author have not talked about the weak companies, but the ones that are doing well-off in the industry with top level competitors, who listen to their†¦show more content†¦Sustaining technologies improve the products and services which help in achieving the same result but in a better way. This helps the customers to understand the value of improvement. Sustaining technologies are easier to use in already estab lished firms than in new emerging firms. They focus on improved quality and refine service over the period of time which leads to increase in cost but is justifiable. Disruptive Technologies Disruptive technologies are the ones that bring different value preposition to the market. They are usually cheaper and underperform the products in mainstream markets. Being cheaper, disruptive technologies are also simpler, smaller and more convenient to use too. They are usually technologically straight forward and capture emerging markets. As disruptive technologies improve faster, this serves as a danger to established firms because they are so rapid that by the time you know about them, they have had already grown up and are cheaper and better than other competitors in the market. Principles of Disruptive Innovations The author have offered five principles which would help the managers and entrepreneurs to deal with disruptive technologies. 1. Companies depend on customers and investors for resources. Customers and investors are company’s value network and the companies make their decisions on the basis of their value network. Disruptive technologies come up with different value, so the existing customers who are generally

Underground to Canada Free Essays

Julilly is a slave at the Hensen plantation, with her mother, Mammy Sally. When a Slave trader from the deep South comes to choose his field hands, he rips Julilly from the arms of her loving mother and sends her into his cart. Both of them are devastated. We will write a custom essay sample on Underground to Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now When she arrives at the Riley plantation in Mississippi after the long trip, Julilly meets Liza, and they become instantly inseperable. They fantasize about the promised land, Canada. When Massa Ross comes to visit and chooses Lester Adam and Ben to show him the best â€Å"bird watching† area, He really secretly tells them how to escape to Canada. Lester immediately tells Julilly, who tells Liza. 3 days later after hearing 3 calls of the whippoorwill, the meet Massa Ross in the forest, to create a plan. Liza and Julilly disguise themselves as boys, and the run away. On the trip, they overcome so many obstacles, and take so many risks, but in the end they make it. However, they could never have made it without the help of the â€Å"Underground Railway†. On the way, Julilly and Liza encounter some horrible news. Adam died of blood poisoning. Fortunately though, Lester has made it, and has a job in the town of St-Catharines. When Julilly and Liza make it to St Catharines, Angry Lester becomes sheepish as he tells Julilly about a surprise for her. As he is telling her, someone comes out of the kitchen. Julilly is overjoyed, because it is none other than MAMMY SALLY! How to cite Underground to Canada, Papers

Economic Implications Of Africa Downgrading-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Economic Implications Of Africa Downgrading? Answer: Introducation Inflation in South Africa was expected to be effected for the reason of economic downgrade to the junk status. SP Global speculated well before that the value of Rand in the global market and all the bonds will share the same fate as Rand. This form of downgrade will raise the price of borrowing in South Africa for some period of time (Ngcobo Ladzani, 2016). Standard Poor stated that such a downgrade in the position of Rand will attract very few investors. The investors will like to withdraw money from the market and will not invest further. It will result in the weakening of South African economy. The country will face inflation pressures which will be transferred to the citizens who will face indirect financial pressure. Prices of basic goods and services will increase (Ngcobo Ladzani, 2016). According to research, South African government will have to borrow money from the international market which will cost them more as the price of Rand is less in the money market. Grants ma y come in from the government for the citizens but the money obtained from them will but less commodities due to inflation. Prices of all the goods and services will increase but the grants amount will not increase as the government is weak in its finances (Mugobo Mutize, 2016). Infrastructure which is already there may not get affected by the inflation but new development is highly unlikely to happen. Moodys rating agency established that the Rand was highly undervalued in the international market due to which exports will also hamper. Economic Growth Rate Due to downgrade of economic status of South Africa, the country has to borrow more from the international markets. As the borrowings will increase economic growth will decrease. This will result in lower standard of living of the citizens of the country. Exports and imports share a major chunk in the economy of the South Africa. Exchange rates of the currency with spike up. Government will be in debt which will be very hard to pay off quickly. To tackle this problem tax rates will be increased to finance the government expenditure. Credit Rating Company IOL states that there is a reduction of 0.7% in its GDP (Mugobo Mutize, 2016). There has been recession in the growth rates of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of economy. Manufacturing sector experienced a huge blow and trade sector followed the same pattern (Olayemi Nirmala, 2016). There was decrease of 5.89% and 3.71% in both sectors respectively (Olayemi Nirmala, 2016). To the countrys good fortune mining and agricu lture sector made positive growth but they have their limitations and cannot mitigate the loss incurred by other sectors of economy. The last nail in the coffin was put by the tertiary sector which includes trade, finance, transport, government services and personal service industry. They also showed reduction which made sure that country is in deep recession. Unemployment According to Bloomberg, high inflation and low economic growth directly results in rise in unemployment in the country (van Scheers, 2016). Deficiency of money in the market and high rate of product and services makes the companies and government to cut their expenses by firing their staff. It is a common practice to counter the effects of such economic downgrade. South Africa is in really bad shape with the economy reduced to junk status (van Scheers, 2016). Local companies were not able to make profits and hence cannot sustain a large workforce. Salary gets limited and there is no question of pay raises. In this scenario people who have average skill set will not get any job ("SOUTH AFRICA: Credit Rating Downgrade", 2013). Skilled people will not work at a place where there is no job security and there is no prospect of pay growth. According to S P Global high-paid and skilled professionals are leaving the country to work in foreign ventures to make monetary gains ("SOUTH AFRICA: Credit Rating Downgrade", 2013). Job prospects are reduced exponentially. Government is not capable enough to raise more job vacancies to counter this issue as there is lack of funds which is the basic reason for unemployment in South Africa in the first place. It can be concluded from the above discussion that South African economy has been downgraded to the junk status and it will take a lot of time for it to recover from this economic disaster. References Martin, W. (2013). South Africa and the New Scramble for Africa: Imperialist, Sub-imperialist, or Victim?.Agrarian South: Journal Of Political Economy,2(2), 161-188. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277976013493574 Ngcobo, R., Ladzani, W. (2016). Analysis of economic transformation intervention in South Africa - the CA charter.Environmental Economics,7(3), 17-24. https://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(3).2016.02 Mugobo, V., Mutize, M. (2016). THE IMPACT OF SOVEREIGN CREDIT RATING DOWNGRADE TO FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA.Risk Governance And Control: Financial Markets Institutions,6(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i1art2 Olayemi, B., Nirmala, D. (2016). Creating economic viability in rural South Africa through water resource management in subsistence farming.Environmental Economics,7(4), 68-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(4).2016.07 van Scheers, L. (2016). Is there a link between economic growth and SMEs success in South Africa.Investment Management And Financial Innovations,13(2-2), 349-353. https://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-2).2016.09 SOUTH AFRICA: Credit Rating Downgrade. (2013).Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial And Technical Series,49(12), 19801A-19802B. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.04914.x

Inventory System of Fruitas Ice Candy Company Essay Sample free essay sample

Through man’s cognition and creativeness. the universe has been changed. from the prehistoric tools of the primitive adult male up to the modern machineries. the promotion in engineering and the state-of-the-art hardware and package that adult male uses today. makes our community march onward in an expeditious civilisation and industrialisation. The universe we live in has been transformed vastly with the coming used of the information. At this clip. about every facet of the human life is influenced by the rapid promotion of engineering supplying us with the fresh chances and fresh challenges at the same clip. This is manifested in all sectors of the economic system: communicating. instruction. wellness services. amusement. finance. publication. retailing. and other countries. Indeed. information engineering has made the unerasable grade in our lives. doing mundane life possible without it. Computerization is fundamentally concerned with the mechanization of undertaking utiliz ing computer-based information system. This procedure with the people involved in making a certain undertaking. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventory System of Fruitas Ice Candy Company Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page which being replaced by peculiar machineries. Computerization would besides intend less attempt exerted. sine manual can be done in shorter span of clip. In today’s turning market many concerns are turning toward automated systems to execute their mundane undertakings. Automated systems can replace the cost and clip consuming procedures that were one time completed by manus while supplying companies with more accurate informations. One machine-controlled system that is going more popular is the machine-controlled stock list system. This system is used to track the ware and goods of retail shops. food market shops. hardware shops. etc. In this paper the advocates will discourse the background of machine-controlled stock list systems. including what they are. how they work and what type of informations and information that they provide for concerns. They will besides give some illustrations of companies that have automated stock list systems and how they have changed their concern. They will supply the advantages and disadv antages of machine-controlled stock list systems and the affect they can hold on a businesses’ growing and competitory border. . Chapter 1 Introduction A. Background of the StudyFruitas Group aims to tag its tenth day of remembrance in the local nutrient cart industry by opening its five-hundredth shop in the state. Fruitas Group. the taking company in the local nutrient cart industry. could really good be doing history in a affair of months. As the company behind such successful trade names as Fruitas. Black Pearl. Tea-rrific! . Buko Loco. The Mango Farm. among many others. tag its decade-long reign in the market. Fruitas is pitching up to make a bigger milepost: that is. opening its five-hundredth shop in the state. Fruitas is proof that a proudly Filipino-owned company can be regarded as world-class and a leader in the nutrient cart industry. The concern finally did turn. In fact it grew over ten-fold. Fruitas now has 477 â€Å"profitable† shops countrywide. and the figures. harmonizing to Lester. won’t stop anytime shortly. B. Statement of the ProblemThere are a figure of jobs that can do mayhem with stock list direction. Some happen more often than others. Here are some of the more common jobs with stock list systems. * Unqualified employees in charge of stock list. * Not placing deficits in front of clip.* Excessive stock list in stock and unable to travel it rapidly plenty. * Computer appraisal of stock list points for sale is inaccurate. * Items in-stock gets misplaced.* Not maintaining up with the lifting monetary value of natural stuffs. The company is presently confronting this job and decided along the manner to upgrade the manual system that they are presently utilizing. C. Objective of the StudyInventory is basically no less than money stored by your concern. Companies must pull off and supervise this plus to avoid a broad assortment of dearly-won and potentially annihilating jobs. An stock list system that includes rhythm numeration. one-year or semi-annual stock list cheques. and implementing security cheques will greatly cut down or extinguish inventory shrinking. D. Significance of the StudyThe Inventory System will assist the fruitas for maintaining path of its gross revenues and stocks. The system made easy for the teller to utilize and salvage clip. The cashier/owner will non holding a difficult clip ciphering big measure of points when a client bargain and he doesn’t demand to look into the item’s list for the item’s monetary value. The teller can seek the points handiness. The system will supply studies of the gross revenues in a twenty-four hours or monthly. For the clients. they will acquire the exact alteration when purchasing big measure of points. They don’t have to wait for the Cashier/Owner in calculating their purchased because the system will automatically calculate the input points. They don’t have to wait for the cashier/owner in looking for the points needed because the system will supply the information of the points handiness. E. Scope and Limitations of the StudyThis survey focuses on Inventory System. It is intended to be used by the gross revenues company to assist do their work easier in finding mileposts in footings of gross revenues and do good determinations to do company’s processes more organized. efficient and profitable. Scope The range of an stock list system considers which needs the stock list system addresses. These include valuing the stock list. mensurating the alteration in stock list and planning for future stock list degrees. The value of the stock list at the terminal of each period provides a footing for fiscal coverage on the balance sheet. Measuring the alteration in stock list allows the company to find the cost of stock list sold during the period. The stock list degree and alterations allow the company to program for future stock list demands. RestrictionThe chief restrictions or disadvantages of an stock list system are the costs required in puting an stock list system up. and the complexness of utilizing and keeping an stock list system in an effectual manner. * Cost The engineering and package required by an stock list system can be expensive to buy. install and usage. For illustration. the package used to track what merchandises have been bought. sold and delivered in really proficient. and hence really expensive. In add-on. the engineering used in concurrence with an stock list system. such as tracking devices in bringing vehicles or barcode scanners. are besides expensive. This means that a good quality stock list system is normally out of range of little. new or independent concerns. * Complexity Due to the proficient nature of the package and engineering used in an stock list system. it can be hard to thoroughly educate all members of staff on how to utilize the stock list system in an effectual manner. In add-on. the instruction procedure can take yearss or even hebdomads. intending that concern can come to a standstill during this clip. As a consequence. although stock list systems can be improbably utile. they can besides be hard to implement. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In geographic expedition. we find new techniques. new cognition. even develop new substances. appliances. equipment. processes or processs. imaginativeness and accomplishment is employed by the research worker. The trade goods. new devices. services. in engineering are demands of adult male for a better Fuller life which is the concern of the research. These utile humanistic disciplines are the merchandises of the technological environment and the end-user is society in general. The fast turning tendency and invention in engineerings today prompts research workers to carry on surveies about the efficiency of system plan. This Chapter presents a brief reappraisal of literature and surveies. ASTRO VISION INVENTORY SYSTEMAstroVision is the country’s taking marketer of games. picture tapes. vcds and videodisk. It has subdivisions in all major promenades in the state. The customized system Astro System will incorporate its buying. stock list. gross revenues and accounting all of AstroVision’s 25 subdivisions spread across the state to its Main Office and Accounting Office in Metro Manila. The JIS ( Jeonsoft Inventory System ) is the 1 who creates the stock list system for the Astro Vision. The purpose of JIS is to supply easier and faster manner to supervise the motion of your business’ stock of goods. It is interactively designed to perchance make the common undertakings done in customary manner. From point entry. releasing of points. stock list accommodation. transferring of goods from one warehouse to another and production. certain you can maintain path of your stock list. JIS uses JibesXP Tools that has been particularly configured with belongingss that would assist you form good the flow of your stock list. WORLD WOOD Trading CorporationWorld Wood Wonder System is a customized package solution made for World Wood Trading Corporation. World Wood is a major importer and jobber of timber merchandises in the Philippines. The system manages the whole concern flow of universe wood from importing. stock list to gross revenues. accounting and bank consolidation. Chapter 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY A. Beginnings of DatasThe stock list procedure in the said company is used to cipher manually. without any aid from a computing machine. A manual stock list system is updated. maintained and controlled without utilizing a proficient system. This means the concern updates the stock list by physically numbering the stock list points on a frequent footing. Manual stock list systems are clip devouring. as the concern proprietor must maintain path of stock list gross revenues on a day-to-day footing. while updating the system manually at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. * Poor Communication A manual stock list requires employees and directors to compose down each clip an point is removed from the stock list. If one employee forgets to advert that the last merchandise has been removed from the stock list. a director expects the point to still be available for a client during a sale. Compared with a proficient stock list system. a manual stock list system does non assist the communicating in the workplace. A technological stock list system updates automatically one time an point has been scanned out of the stock list. so all employees in the concern know what is available at all times. * Physical Counts A technological stock list system provides updated Numberss for the stock list on a day-to-day footing. However. a manual stock list system does non supply any figure. as all Numberss from the stock list are gained through physical stock list counts. One of the troubles of running a manual stock list system is that physical stock list counts must be performed often to command the points in the stock list. This is clip devouring and can be the concern money. if employees must come in to assist out outside of concern hours. * Daily PurchasesKeeping path of day-to-day purchases is another hard commanding step with manual stock list systems. While technological stock list systems scan the point and subtracts the point from the stock list. a manual stock list system requires the employees to compose down the points sold during a individual work twenty-four hours. This can be a hard undertaking. as one employee may lose the list of points sold or another may bury to compose down a sale. * Ordering Supplies A manual stock list system does non update at the terminal of the twenty-four hours with updated stock list counts. This means you must travel through the stock list points each clip you need to put an order for new natural stuffs. merchandises or supplies for the stock list. This can be a clip devouring procedure. as you will physically hold to travel through each merchandise box and browse through the points. A technological stock list system can supply you with updates. so you know precisely how many points you have left in your stock list. This means you can look into your stock list and order your supplies from your office desk with a proficient stock list. B. Description of Research MethodThe research worker comes up with the cybernation taking for an tremendous invention and betterment in the bing manual system. The usage of computing machines is the best solution the research worker think that would reply the bing job in footings of operations and maps of stock list. record maintaining and monitoring system for the Fruitas Ice Candy Company. Computerized Inventory System is a computing machine plan that track stock list and creates automated replenishment order. Computerizing the stock list system brings the organisation the possible betterment in truth and velocity through better analysis of stock list tendencies. including the form of processing and recording. Furthermore. immediate consequence will be more timely and accurate information about. point soon on manus. Extra equipment and belongings forces could meet fewer loads. less attempt on treating minutess. and may avoid misplacing or lost of records. Automated stock list systems play a big function in today’s concerns. particularly the retail industry. This is because concerns want the ability to entree and form informations in a speedy and efficient mode. With an automated stock list system. concerns can trust on computing machines to make undertakings that were one time performed manually. such as stock list cheques and merchandise gross revenues. These undertakings can be really overpowering for concerns to make manually because of their size. figure of shops. and their merchandise diverseness. This can all be changed. though. With machine-controlled stock list systems these procedures can be handled in a timelier mode and besides be more accurate and dependable than of all time earlier. This is a great advantage over tracking stock list manually because normally a concern merely takes a complete manual stock list count a twosome of times a twelvemonth. which leads to a great trade of over and under carrying. With a manual stock list count concerns try to foretell which merchandises will sell better than others and the location they will sell better at. Although this does work ok. anticipations are non ever correct. which can do jobs if a merchandise doesn’t sell every bit good as intended or a merchandise sells better than expected. With stock list package. concerns can now analyse the information provided to find which merchandises are selling and which are non. The package packages allow concerns to take the guessing out of pull offing their stock list because it makes instant updates to the stock list and besides makes more accurate gross revenues anticipations for the hereafter. When utilizing an automated stock list system a concern can find what merchandises they should buy more of. what merchandises they should non. and how much should be ordered of each merchandise. Some stock list system package will even direct the order straight to the provider one time the stock list d egree of a merchandise drops to a certain figure of a peculiar merchandise. This helps concerns go more efficient by increasing their gross revenues while diminishing their stock list supply The new stock list system connects the stock list straight to their gross revenues so everything is immediately updated. which saves the university clip and money. Because the university no longer has the manual labour of look intoing stock list they have a more accurate history of what points are in stock. Their system is besides straight connected to the Internet. which provides pupils with the chance to buy their text editions online. While Southern Utah University needed to update their schools’ little but turning bookstore. other companies. such as Recreational Equipment Inc. or REI. were looking to automatize their full Incorporation. In the early 1990’s REI had come to the decision that their manual stock list direction was excessively much for the merchandise directors to manage. REI is a concatenation of over a twelve out-of-door equipment shops that sell 1000s of different merchandises. which include bivouacing. boosting. rafting cogwheel. and other out-of-doo r athleticss ( Santosus. Working ) . Analysts. at REI would physically number the stock list at every shop and find a gross revenues program for the undermentioned twelvemonth. This procedure was clip devouring for the company and frequently inefficient. The consequences of executing the stock list count manually were impeding the analysts from doing accurate gross revenues anticipations. This left stock list jobs to be spotted merely after they were already in topographic point so they were unable to take preventive steps ( Santosus. Working ) . In 1994 REI decided that put ining an automated stock list system was the manner to travel. That twelvemonth they started with the first stage of their long-run undertaking. which was to put in a package application called E3Trim. The package. installed by E3 Associates Ltd. . allowed REI to hold a more accurate history of what points were selling the best at each single shop. It besides gave them the ability to see what merchandises were being ordered. the daily position of those orders. and what merchandises they had in stock at the distribution centre. E3Trim provided REI with automatic comparings of the company’s gross revenues ends and their existent merchandise gross revenues and performed an analysis every dark to find what merchandises they should buy more of and give a recommendation. If the recommendation is accepted. the order list will be sent straight to the seller via facsimile. With merely this first stage of the new system in topographic point. REI was able to cut their telling rhythm down form one month to merely 14 yearss ( Santosus. Working ) . In 1996 REI began work on stage two of their automated stock list system. This stage was to put in a complimentary package application to the E3Trim called E3Slim. The E3Trim is a package application to manage the stock list supply of the full company ; E3Slim is an application to manage the stock list supply at each single shop. This system is installed at each shop and keeps an up to day of the month stock list record through a point of sale package. When a merchandise is low the system will direct an order back to the distribution centre ( Santosus. Working ) . Now with both systems in topographic point REI can more accurately track their stock list supply. which allows them to descry jobs before they occur and set up better gross revenues ends for the approaching old ages. Harmonizing to Dan McBroom. REI’s undertaking director. the installing of the E3Trim and E3Slim has increased REI’s gross revenues figures by 3 % while diminishing the stock list supply by 14 % . This package helped them to pull off their stock list in a more efficient mode and lower their costs. In both of the instances above put ining an automated stock list system helped these concerns increase their gross revenues while take downing their costs merely by giving them a more accurate manner to pull off their stock list. Automated stock list systems have many other advantages excessively. Automated systems are leting companies to. non merely cut down their cost. but besides to increase bringing times and their ability to restock their shelves in a timely mode. This means that clients will non hold to wait for out of stock merchandises. Companies can now be one measure in front of the consumers. These systems increase the productiveness of a concern while diminishing the downtime. which makes them more efficient for a smaller cost. It besides allows them to hold a competitory border in the market. Employees are able to easy trouble-shoot jobs that occur because the package will execute informations analysis to demo the differences between a company’s awaited gross revenues and their existent gross revenues. It besides helps do anticipations for future gross revenues ends. Having an automated stock list system can assist to associate sections that were one time thought to be isolated from one another. Even though concerns tend to believe of the stock list directi on. forces. gross revenues productiveness. and client recordkeeping as separate from one another they all portion critical pieces of informations and with the right package it can assist companies see the large image instead than merely the single pieces. In bend. this will let each section to be more efficient in their occupations because it increases the communicating. One of the biggest. and likely one of the most of import. advantages to put ining an automated stock list system is that helps concerns concentrate on their biggest end. to better the clients experience at their shop. With this package. companies can hold a better apprehension of client demand through the analysis of their gross revenues. With cognizing this companies can supply a speedy bringing of these demands. If client demands are met immediately so this will increase their satisfaction and they will be more likely to come back to that shop in the hereafter. If they have to wait. because merchandises that they desire are neer in. so they will seek other agencies of acquiring the merchandises they want. Even though the advantages of put ining an automated stock list system out weigh the disadvantages. there are still a few to be mentioned. One of the most common disadvantages is that one time a company installs the package their employees do non hold the proper preparation or cog nition of the system to recover the of import information that they want and need to execute their occupations. This disadvantage does non hold to happen though. by supplying the employees with the proper preparation to run the system they will be able to entree the information they need. Another disadvantage is that the package applications are going more complex in their design. This makes it harder for users to understand and work with the systems. The complexness and mutuality between sections can besides do jobs in placing where a job occurred. which can frequently take to thumb indicating between the different sections. Another disadvantage that can turn up is package bugs. Software bugs can besides do many jobs because they frequently go unnoticed until it is really big. So repairing the job can be a very clip devouring. Although a few disadvantages do be with machine-controlled stock list systems. they are normally things that can be avoided for the most portion through proper preparation and monitoring of the system. The advantages for an machine-controlled stock list system good transcend the disadvantages and can supply a company with a competitory border and increase their growing as a whole. Some of the chief ways companies can spread out and derive land over their rivals is by utilizing package that helps them to better understand their clients demands so they can in turn increase their gross revenues of those mercha ndises while diminishing their stock list by acquiring rid of merchandises that don’t sell every bit good or diminishing the measure that they keep in stock. All of this together helps the company increase their incoming gross while at the same clip diminishing their costs. An machine-controlled stock list system is package that allows companies to better pull off their stock list systems. They increase companies’ productiveness and gross revenues while diminishing their cost and clip spent to carry on an stock list count manually. In the two company examples I provided the add-on of an automated stock list system greatly helped their concerns go more efficient. As engineering grows and concerns expand it is going more and more obvious that holding manual procedures to execute undertakings are no longer to the company’s advantage. If they want a competitory border over companies automatizing is the manner to travel. In any organisation. computing machine is a necessity. Computerization to an organisational constitution is of import in order to make task easy and expeditiously. The College of Computer Studies ( CCS ) is cognizant that computing machine is an indispensable component to be more competitory presents. They do believe that cybernation will rush the processing capablenesss. gives right and accurate information and studies in speedy mode. However. the College of Computer Studies’ Inventory. Record Keeping. and Monitoring System are still done manually. They could non follow with the latest tendency in verifying. seeking and look intoing each supplies and equipment paperss expeditiously. Record maintaining become progressively hard to manage to an organisation and concern. particularly whom many equipment and belongings entrance to and hereby of equal clip to measure and storage to organisation that’s its proper registry. However. through computing machines and huge databas es available presents. maintaining the recording equipment big volume seems to be a natural phenomenon. to an organisation necessitating a proper topographic point to hive away all indispensable information. Through this spoilage or misplacing records can be avoided. and information can get in merely a click off. Due to this. the research worker comes up with the cybernation taking for an tremendous invention and betterment in the bing manual system. The used of computing machines is the best solution the research worker think that would reply the bing job in footings of operations and maps of stock list. record maintaining and monitoring system for the belongings and equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies. The researchers’ would used the undermentioned tools in garnering informations to prosecute their survey: the method of research such as Library System. Descriptive Method and the Systems Development Life Cycle ( SDLC ) . the Beginning of Data which includes-Personal Interview. surfing the cyberspace. Books ( published and unpublished stuffs ) which are critical in using and gestating the design and creative activity of the developed system. In bui lding the developed system. research worker will utilize RAD ( Rapid Application Development ) package technology paradigm to be guided in developing and bettering the capableness of the developed system. This package paradigm is considered as a high-velocity additive consecutive theoretical account. enables the developers to make a â€Å"fully functional system† within a really short clip of periods about 60 to 90 yearss. This procedure is really important to the developer in a sense that systems end product can be perceived in a shorter clip frame. The package may be applied in any state of affairs for which it possible processs and criterions are run intoing in peculiar organisation. The develop system is a possible application system that can be considered as a Business Software for which it contains a big array of database where information stored can be accessed and retrieve. It besides facilitates concern operations that can be used established plans and undertakings for farther betterments of the concern endeavor. The research will be located at Tarlac State University. College of Computer Studies. Romulo Boulevard. San Vicente. Tarlac City. With the aid of the â€Å"C omputer-Based Inventory. Record Keeping and Monitoring System for the Property and Equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies† . such troubles are mostly minimized. and would profit the modules. the belongings and equipment Forces and the whole college as a whole.

Teenagers and gatrway drugs essays

Teenagers and gatrway drugs essays Teenagers today are faced with many obstacles and decisions as they make their way into adulthood. It is a heavy burden to bear, to know that every decision you make, could effect the rest of your life. For teenagers one bad choice could have a negative effect years down the road. One major issue that teenagers deal with on a daily basis, are drugs. Every teen at one time or another is pressured to use drugs. Its not peer pressure alone that influence teens to use drugs. Most teenagers would never try them if it were not for gateway drugs. Gateway drugs are drugs that might seem harmless, but could become addictive and dangerous. Gateway drugs almost always lead to even more serious, addictive, and harmful drugs. Cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana are three of the Cigarettes are the most common of the gateway drugs. Cigarettes are not always considered a drug, because they do not get you high or alter your state of mind. Cigarettes are still highly addictive and cause life threatening illnesses. Lung cancer and emphysema are common desieses that life time smokers could possibly face. Over 80% of all adult smokers started smoking before they turned eighteen. Some young people are introduced with cigarettes as early as eight years old. While peer pressure plays a part in children taking a puff of that first cigarette, curiosity can also influence that decision. Just as curiosity and rebellion influence that first puff, it could sway your curiosity to drink that first beer. As with cigarettes, alcohol is not often referred to as a drug. The dangerous potential of alcohol being a gateway drug is obvious, but not often seen until it is too late. Alcohol can be a harmful drug for adults, but even more harmful for teenagers. Teenage drinking is a serious problem in high schools across America. The number of underage ...

The Verb To Twit

The Verb To Twit The Verb â€Å"To Twit† The Verb â€Å"To Twit† By Maeve Maddox Sometimes being ignorant is not such a bad thing. As widely as I read in all kinds of sources, I was ignorant of what has happened to the verb twit. I knew that it was old-fashioned of me to use it as a synonym for tease, but I like the word. I’d no inkling of the other meanings that are out there. For example, some speakers assign sexual connotations to the word. (I’m not even going there in this post.) The verb twit comes from Old English atwite, â€Å"to blame, to reproach.† It used to be spelled twite and was pronounced with a long i. It has lost the final e and is now pronounced with a short i. The unabridged online OED I use gives this as the first definition: twit transitive verb: To blame, find fault with, censure, reproach, upbraid (a person), especially in a light or annoying way; to cast an imputation upon; to taunt. The OED app on my phone gives this definition: twit (twits, twitting, twitted) verb: tease or taunt (someone), especially in a good-humoured way. The first definition given in Merriam-Webster is â€Å"to subject to ridicule or reproach.† In my Web searches, I did find examples of twit used in the sense of ridicule, but I must admit that most of them date from the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries. The modern examples I found tend to be from countries other than the United States. Enter Twitter. Created in 2006, the social media site Twitter has altered the use of twit in all its forms in the minds of millions. As far as I knew, the verb for publishing a message via Twitter is â€Å"to tweet,† and such a message is called â€Å"a tweet.† However, in my search for examples of twit used in the sense of tease or taunt, I discovered numerous examples of twit being used like tweet in the context of posting a message on Twitter: Elon Musk  twitted that  the smaller and lower costing sedan will start production in about 2 years, but not before debuting in March 2016. However, Saraki on his twitter handle later  twitted, I can now confirm that I just received the list of ministerial nominees. A third-party developer, Steve Stroughton-Smith,  twitted that  Bugdom 2 is one of the first 3DTV-enabled titles to enter the new tvOS AppStore. Send a Twit and receive a coupon. Prime Minister David Cameron  posted a twit, in which he condemned the  attack. I have never met Stella Paul in person. But I have read her write-ups and her twits and they have kindled a light in me to do something for my own country.   This use of twit for tweet is twitted by many Twitter users, but there’s already a new social media platform that has adopted the name Stocktwits. Another meaning of twit as a noun is â€Å"a fool; a stupid or ineffectual person.† Writers who know this definition as well as the â€Å"taunt† meaning play on the words to produce punning humor: A few days ago, former Gov. Sarah Palin (R-Alaska) took to  Twitter, and twitted  Barack Obama once again. I resigned because Twitter is making such twits of politicians. Poisoning  political  dialogue: the  twits  who  tweet  in whispers Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?Expanded and Extended10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Nursing contribution to patient recovery from anaesthesia Essay

Nursing contribution to patient recovery from anaesthesia - Essay Example The key objective of nursing care during the post-anesthetic period is hence centered on ensuring safe recovery of patients following surgery, promoting optimum physical comfort to enable speedier healing among the patients, restoring homeostasis (Miller, 2010) and taking active steps to prevent and/or minimize injuries. Perianesthesia nurses are entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring that the patient recovers safely from anesthesia and are taken care of in the post anesthetic care unit. The patients recovering from anesthesia are highly vulnerable to various complications. The perioperative nurses must hence ensure to take into consideration the patient's age, anesthetic agents, individual health problems etc which may directly impact the post-operative care and give rise to complications such as the risk of hypotension, bronchospasm, etc (Iyer, Levin, and Shea, 2006). The post anesthesia care is typically divided into three phases which include: Phase 1: Early recovery PACU In this stage the patient is transferred from the OR (operating room) to the Post-anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and provided medical assistance immediately after the completion of a surgical procedure (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). This phase entails provision of intensive medical care to the patients which is the primary responsibility of the anesthesiologist or anesthetist (O'Connell et al., 2010). Phase 2: Self-care phase / Recovery room In this stage the patient is prepared for self-care or administered care in an extended care setting. The recovery stage may last for several days depending on individual circumstances of each patient (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). Phase 3: Discharge In this phase the patient is prepared for discharge from the hospital setting. This phase includes careful planning and handling on the part of the care givers which includes ensuring that the patient is fully restored to their pre-operative stage before discharge (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). F ig: Patient recovery from anesthesia – Recovery stage Source: Day, Paul, and Williams (2009: 501) The key role of nurses in ensuring effective recovery of patients from anesthesia is discussed in detail in the following section. Role of recovery nurse in ensuring patient recovery from anesthesia: One of the key requirements of ensuring effective patient recovery from anesthesia is to ensure that nurses have adequate knowledge and awareness regarding the patient's level of anesthesia since such awareness helps them to plan and develop appropriate safety measures (Spry, 2005). The perioperative or post-anesthesia care is one of the vital elements of nursing care. The traditional role and scope of recovery nursing has changed dramatically over the years with the result that the nurses today are required to provide high quality care and display advanced nursing skills with a view to ensure patient safety and speedier recovery. As the complexity of operating procedures increase, t he role of recovery nurses providing post operative care to patients recovering from anesthesia is becoming more and more challenging. The introduction of advanced surgical technology and anesthetic techniques have brought about significant revolutions in enhancing patient satisfaction and shifted the role of nurses from ensuring regular

Probability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Probability - Essay Example The word probability originated form the Latin word probare that means informal. It means that is there is nothing certain and exact associated with an event, and that happenings are uncertain and there are probabilities that are associated with them. Probability can be defined as the study that is concerned with locating certainty in uncertain events. Probability is known as the method of weighing evidence and opinion about uncertain and complex environment. Christiaan Huygens is supposed to be the first person to treat probability with scientific principles to provide a more refined form of the term in the year of 1657. There are several functions of probabilities. Distributions are considered one of them. These functions are used to assign the possible and probable events to the entire series of the events. There are several types of distribution too, that is continuous and discrete distribution. Probabilities distribution can be categorized into two classes: discrete and continuo us. There are many ways to divide probability up in an equal and proportionate manner but the best possible method is to use the probability density function (Fadyen, 2003). Development in this field is taking place continuously and rapidly. The world is changing as never before due to technologies, and these technologies are dramatically affecting the speed and complexity of probability calculations. Computers and spreadsheets are just two important examples of this shift. The major gains in communication complexity and speed have also played an important role. And this is apositive aspect because the development in the field of statistical data analysis is often caused by advancement in the other fields in which the various methods of statistical data analysis are productively applied. Probability is a statistical technique which is used for analyzing the situations that are confined by random events. For quantitative analysis of many human activities, which generally

Political Development Essay Example for Free

Political Development Essay Morocco is located in North Africa at the border of Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea . Onto the south it neighbors Western Sahara and due east with Algeria. Its terrain consists of mountain, desert and coastal plain with only about 21% of total land which is productive . The people in the region basically comprise of the Berber, Arab, African, Spanish and French. Morocco is considered to be one of the most westernized Islamic nations. Its population is close to thirty million with a population growth rate of 2% per annum . Arabic is general spoken language. The Southern parts of Morocco uses French while in the Northern parts, Spanish and French are commonly used languages. English language is a new language which is being introduced in the country. Majority of the population are Muslim affiliates and number of Jewish, while in northern parts especially those who speak Spanish and French, a greater portion belong to catholic religion. Morocco’s economy is that of liberal in nature which follows the dictates of demand and supply. Privatization policy is not a new phenomenon as some of the sectors were handed down to the hand of private sectors. However, its economy is characterized by relatively slow economic growth and inflation rate. Basically, employment largely anchors at agricultural sector which is never reliable due inadequate rains . Unemployment is escalating generally, affecting majority of the youths especially in urban areas . Social evils such as trafficking of young women and girls for prostitution and domestic service and sexual abuse are the characteristic phenomena in Morocco besides high level of illiteracy, and unemployment . Non-Governmental Organizations refers to lawfully constituted organizations that operate independently from the government. There are some Non –Governmental Organizations which acts as donor and or development partners depending on the charter of their mandates. Virtually all of the Non-Governmental Organizations acts on humanitarian grounds focusing on alleviating human suffering by improving the human welfare for quality living. Some Non-Governmental organizations operates on a large scale where they may cover a very large geographical region, while still others operate at national level or in limited areas within a country . International Non-Governmental Organizations cover several geographical regions as their scope of operation while local Non –Governmental Organizations usually operate within the country or in some parts of the country International and Local NGOs in Morocco: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is one of the International Non-Governmental Organizations that has intensified its work in the country of Morocco through an economic program. Since Morocco has a liberal economy, it is governed by the law of supply and demands. In the context of globalization, farmers in the country would have faced cut-throat competition after agricultural tariffs were lowered as result of trade agreement between USA and Morocco. To save the farmers from such agony, USAID works with the farmers to have their crop yields improved and creates alternative jobs in form of industries to avert overdependence on farming as the only way of employment. It assists by linking export business to competitively get into the US market in ways such as by cutting down the numbers of days officially needed to register the business from sixty to eleven. This was actualized when USAID got into the microfinance field in Morocco. It had two prime objectives. One was to start a microfinance institution that would be self sustainable and grow to support the farmers and businessmen’s need. The second one was to foster policy that could favor this establishment of microfinance sector. All of its efforts toward making true these objectives were very successful due to its technical skills it possessed and its full commitment for these projects’ sustainability to serving large number of the poor . This has been witnessed particularly for the last seven year of its operation. Besides improvement of economic growth of Moroccans, it also featured in improving education level by increasing access to quality education and relevant basic education to all. This was because there has been high illiteracy level in the country. To achieve this USAID used ‘school-to-work’ approach by ensuring linkage between training and employments at various levels. Basic education has much attention on achieving high retention rates to ninth grade and possible equipping the learners at this level to adaptable skills for the next level. It lays more emphasis on courses such as information technology and tourism in technical colleges as the country has prominent tourist attraction sites and this is geared to promote tourism industry in the country. Global Rights is an International Non-Governmental Organization that partners for justice through advocacy of human right by collaborating with local activists. They speak to make heard injustices done at global level. It deals with legal and human rights education comprehensively from semiliterate to illiterate women from all walks of life in Morocco. This initiative aims to empower women to know their collective and individual rights so as to be assertive to these right and give them power in decision making in all matters affecting them, be it in household, community, national or at global level. So far the program has reached thousands of women across the country. By so doing the initiative aims at curbing alarming number of young women and girls at risk of human trafficking for prostitution and domestic service in the region. Besides human trafficking in different parts of Morocco, there has been an increase in cases of sexual abuse among young women and girls. Therefore, this necessitated direct service and intensive advocacy . Increased access to information has been deemed to be one of the successful approaches particularly starting with community liaisons, lawyers, teacher, researchers and the at-risk population and entire community would help curb such vices. Food and Agricultural Organization has not been new in Morocco. This country having been relying heavily on the agricultural sector for employment, much is needed to be done to revive the sluggish economic growth of the country . Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) is the United Nation’s agency that is involved in collecting, analyzing and interpreting and sharing the information with relevant stakeholders related to agriculture and nutrition. It is barely four months when an outbreak that posed threat to sheep and goats was announced in Morocco. In the month of September peste des petites (PRR) threatened to kill about a million sheep and goats where a hundred and thirty three outbreaks were reported within twenty nine provinces of Morocco. Being a viral causative agent and a very contagious to all ruminants, about 17 and 5 million sheep and goats respectively were at stake . This could be translated to loss of family livelihoods as so many of them depended on this. In response to this, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) took drastic measures after receiving request from the government to beef up the interventions. This made FAO’S Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) to convene a two-day meeting in Tunisia to chart the way forward over the situation. During the two-day summit, it was collectively agreed to help the Morocco government to prepare an emergency plan and see its implementation together with appropriate coordination with veterinary services of Maghreb among others from neighborhood countries. Right now FAO is in the advanced stage of setting up an urgent regional cooperation project. Control measures that were taken necessitated quarantine of suspected or affected farms and institutions and make urgent review of animal disease emergency contingency plans as well as raise awareness on the outbreak of the disease by all stakeholders concerning its risks and clinical signs. This is the latest development that FAO has been able to undertake in Morocco. Besides, livestock production, in the sector of agriculture, F. A. O has been in the forefront to see the country is in the process of achieving the millennium goal number one; that of eradication of extreme poverty and hunger through adoption of new innovations such as high yield, and fast growing crops that are drought tolerance. This will enable the country to attain level of food and nutrition security required. Use of biotechnology which has been witnessed in Nigeria where cassava clones are being propagated as disease free plants for the higher yields, are now incorporated in Morocco. World Food Program is the world’s largest humanitarian body. World Food Program is on a global campaign to ensure undernourished school going children are educated through its school feeding program. During worst time when there is total crop failure in Morocco, it has severally responded by providing relief food to the regions that needs emergency intervention. Community Based Organizations are local non-governmental organizations which are found in Morocco just like in other third world developing countries. Community based organizations collaborate with International Non-Governmental Organization and are the ground players. International Non-Governmental Organization for sustainable development make use of local organizations so that without setting other new parallel programs they can build on the existing system and facilitate on capacity building of the community. Faith Based Organization is a local non-governmental organization that has particular religious group affiliation. For instance, in northern parts of Morocco there is significant number of Christians who have come together to form faith based organizations to cater for the needs of their less fortunate member in time of need. Conclusion Non-governmental organizations primarily have humanitarian affair at their centre of focus. They feature on development transformation of community in which they are operating on. According to the transformational development indicators, the lives of many communities in different parts of the country have really improved. The level of illiteracy has decreased as a result of increased enrollment and retentions in schools . School- to- work approach has created job linkages among youths as a way of fighting unemployment in the country. Through, improving agriculture and easy accessibility to credit facilities, farmers are able to get good returns while others are able to diversify their income. This has seen improvement of living standard of the community. References: Agnaou Fatima, (2004); Gender, Literacy, and Empowerment in Morocco. ISBN 0415947650, 9780415947657, Routledge Davis K. Diana, (2006); Neoliberalism, Environmentalism, and Agricultural Restructuring in Morocco. The Geographical Journal, Vol. 172 Facts about Morocco, (2008). Retrieved on 16th November 2008 from: http://cc. msnscache. com/cache. aspx? q=morocco+factsd=74397575479858mkt=en-USsetlang=en-USw=1d93f448,870bb89e Fisher Julie, (1998); Nongovernments: NGOs and the Political Development of the Third World. ISBN 1565490754, 9781565490758, Published by Kumarian Press Kourous George Omolo Dominic, (2008); Outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in Morocco. Retrieved on 16th November 2008 from: http://www. fao. org/newsroom/en/news/2008/1000918/index. html USAID/Morocco, (2004); Annual Report. Retrieved on 16th November 2008 from: http://pdf. dec. org/pdf_docs/PDACA063. pdf

Trends In Copyright Infringement: A Review of Two Predictive Articles :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Trends In Copyright Infringement: A Review of Two Predictive Articles      Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: In 1995 Lance Rose and Esther Dyson wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing polarized views on the future of copyright law and copyright infringement.   This essay reviews those articles, analyzes each article's accuracy as defined by current trends years later.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the past decade the societal view of creative society has greatly changed due to advances in computer technology and the Internet.   In 1995, aware of the beginning of this change, two authors wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing diametrically opposed views on how this technological change would take form, and how it would affect copyright law.   In the article "The Emperor's Clothes Still Fit Just Fine" Lance Rose hypothesized that the criminal nature of copyright infringement would prevent it from developing into a socially acceptable practice. Thus, he wrote, we would not need to revise copyright law to prevent copyright infringement.   In another article, Entitled "Intellectual Value", Esther Dyson presented a completely different view of the copyright issue.   She based many her arguments on the belief that mainstream copyright infringement would proliferate in the following years, causing a radical revision of Ame rican ideas and laws towards intellectual property.  Ã‚   What has happened since then?   Who was right?   This paper analyzes the situation then and now, with the knowledge that these trends are still in a state of transformation. As new software and hardware innovations make it easier to create, copy, alter, and disseminate original digital content, this discussion will be come even more critical.    Whereas Rose advocated better policing practices and improved copyright legislation, Dyson proposed that the de facto legalization of content duplication would nullify copyright law, resulting in a service-based economy with little copyright law.   While this economic and legal evolution will continue for years to come, it is this author's opinion that Dyson's model of change seems much more likely based on events and trends over the past six years.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much of Rose's argument for the retention of current copyright laws stems from the faulty belief that copyright infringement will remain much of an underground practice.   In his article Rose asserts that "Net users who aren't at least mildly familiar with the [file-sharing] underworld will never even hear about such systems before they are dismembered" [1].   While file-sharing might not have been an important issue in 1995, the word "underworld" does not accurately describe the flourishing file sharing situation today.

Test Questions: Hispanic and Latino American Diversity

Many of the immigrants made their move based on what they perceived to be better economic opportunities in the US during the sass's. Perceived economic opportunities escalated the northward movement in the asses. These groups had been classified as non-whites in the ass's and since the mid ass's many of the immigrants have made their migration based on civil unrest in their homelands. Immigrants from Central and South America have increased in numbers rapidly since he sass's and have even outnumbered the Mexicans that have migrated. WOW) Although economic opportunities is the main reason for the migration of so many central and south Americans, the fighting and unrest is an equal motivator for these people, as the demographic ranges from peasants to wealthy individuals. In America there was a conscious effort to degrade and cheapen the Spanish language. The school systems were allowed to continue to discourage the use of Spanish in classrooms by Spanish speaking children. This was do ne systematically by separating the Spanish children from the White children. There was an initiative to place Spanish students in Mexican schools to keep White children separated from them.This was known as the De Cure school segregation. These Mexican schools were severely under capitalized. In 1970, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled, in Concerns v. Corpus Christi Independent School District, in favor of Concerns. This was a major win for the long term war because the Supreme Court deemed that the De Cure segregation was unconstitutional. However, for the short term battle, this ruling did little for the immediate treatment of the Spanish students in Florida, New York and he Southwest, children who spoke Spanish at school were punished, given detention, fined and even expelled from school.There were various stages of Cuban migration to the United States which started AC n EYE ruling ten revolution. I nerve were tenure major large migrations Into ten US through the US. The first round of immigrants to the tune of 200,000 Cubans made their move after Castor's assumption of power, that first group of immigrants stopped when the missile crisis in October 1962, at this time all legal talks were at a stalemate. AC Immigration started up again in 1965 after Cuba and The US came to a round of dual agreements, which is known as Freedom Flights, which involved charter flights from Havana to Miami.More than 340,000 refugees made their migration to the United States between 1965 and 1973. The majority of these people settled in Miami. The third major and most controversial migration took place in 1980, The Maries boatload. More than 124,000 refugees escaped from Cuba. These Cubans fled political and economic oppression when arriving into the United States, these people were very poor and Castro made his political points by punishing the people, rationing food on a monthly basis and wrongly imprisoning people.

Evidence Base Practice

Discuss how evidence -based practice is applied in your practice setting and describe the desired outcome achieved through this approach. â€Å"Evidence-based practice is an interdisciplinary approach to clinical practice†.(â€Å"Evidence-based practice,† ) Its purpose is to improve the quality of patient care and patient outcomeIn critical care unit the area in which I practice, evidence based practice is implemented for reduction and prevention of critical illness such as neuromyopathy. To accomplish this, a supportive treatment approach has been implemented. The treatment of all sources of inflammation is aggressively executed. Potentials for infections is addressed by early removal of Foley’s, discontinuation of iv lines when no longer needed, Peripheral iv changed every 72 hours, and picc lines are removed when it is evident that the patient is febrile for 24 to 48 hours. Another treatment approach is early weaning of patients on mechanical ventilator.The en tire interdisciplinary team is involved in a mobility plan for all patients admitted on the unit. Early weight-bearing and ambulation is encouraged. Control of schedule for mobilizing patients out of bed is the responsibility of members in the physical therapy department. Each patient may be up for about two hours, the number of patients to be up and the time they should be up is posted for both day and night shifts. For vented patients, the Respiratory therapist, the nurses and the nursing assistant together as team is responsible for getting these patients out of bed. Strict attention is placed on the patient’s nutrition in order to restore muscle mass. Critical illness neuromyopathy is a major complication in critical care unit patients, affecting peripheral nerves muscles and neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle weakness and paresis.â€Å"Early mobilization or kinesiotherapy have shown to result in muscle weakness reversion in critically ill patients. This provide s faster return to function, reducing weaning time, and length of hospitalization†. (Pattanshetty and Gaude) This treatment regime has been in effective from the beginning of 2013 and according to reports given at weekly interdisciplinary meeting there has been marked improvement in patient outcome. The weaning process is less prolonged. Patients have less functional disability and there has been a decline in the infection rate.

Top 10 New and Unique Teacher Gift Ideas Revealed

Top 10 New and Unique Teacher Gift Ideas Revealed Buying for teachers can be hard. A gift card is usually the best choice because lets face it, everyone loves a gift card. But this year, if you want to think outside of the box and get something totally new and unexpected for a teacher, then we have some new and unique ideas for you. Whether you are a teacher looking to buy for another teacher, a superintendent looking to buy for your school staff, or a parent looking to buy for your childs teacher, you will find something special and unique in this gift guide. This teacher gift guide is split into two sections: one for school staff that is looking for new ideas to buy for their fellow teachers, and one for parents looking to buy for their childs teachers. You will find that there is something for everyone, as well as at different price points. Administrators Buying for Teachers Here the top five classroom items that are on most teachers wishlist. You will find items as low as $30 and as much as $375. 1. FlexiSpot Sit-Stand Desktop Workstation Standup desks are an amazing new tech tool that educators everywhere would love to have. They allow easy transition between sitting and standing and are perfect for teachers who spend a lot of time on their feet. They are also great for teachers who love to use PowerPoint Presentations or a SmartBoard in their classroom. Simply place the FlexiSpot on top of your existing desk and you are ready to teach. 2. Table Storage and Charging Base Now that many classrooms are fitted with a classroom set of iPads or tablets, teachers need somewhere to charge and store them. Table storage and charging base (which can run between $30-$150) is a great classroom gift because it can hold up to six tablets with or without their protective cases. 3. High Speed Label Printer Teachers label everything from student desks and folders. You can purchase a good high-speed label printer. If you are going to get one, a wireless, portable printer is the way to go. 4. Document Camera A document camera is a great tool for teachers they are particularly handy for science activities that require students to look at things from all different angles. Parents Buying for Teachers The average parent is said to spend between $25-$75 on their childs teacher for each occasion (teacher appreciation, holiday, end-of-the-year). Here are five new and unique teacher gift ideas that are on many teachers wishlist. 1. Apple TV   Apple TV has become the new must-have for classroom teachers. Educators love them because they can be used to mirror their iPad screen (much like a Smart Board).  You can use the Apple TV display student work, watch movies, and even Skype with peers around the globe. 2. Personalized Letter Probably the best gift that you can give a teacher is a heartfelt letter showing him/her your appreciation for a job well done. This thoughtful gift can really be the stepping stone that the teacher needs to advance in their career (when you send a copy to the principal). The letter doesnt have to be long, just a few sentences talking about how much you appreciate them can go a long way. By sending a copy to the principal, you are adding a positive recommendation to their file. This recommendation can be just the thing a teacher needs to help them advance in their job. Heres an example to help inspire you:   Im writing to you to express my appreciation for a job well done. My daughter has had anxiety in the past  and was quite nervous about starting school this year, that was until she met you. You have made a tremendous impact on my daughter thus far. 3. Headphone Splitter At only $12 a pop, you can give teachers a gift that they will actually use in their classroom. The Belkin Rockstar headphone splitter allows teachers to plug in multiple headphones into one iPad or tablet, which is great for listening centers. As many as six students at a time can now plug their headphones into one outlet at the learning center. This cheap and practical gift is a great tool for the classroom. 4. iPad Projector Instead of spending money on an impersonal on a gift card, you can purchase an iPad projector for less than a hundred dollars. Running in at a just under $70 (via Amazon) a mini portable LCD projector is easy to cart to and from school, and teachers can use it for personal use as well. 5. Stay and Play Balance Ball Alternative seating is quite popular in todays classrooms. However, many teachers do not have them just yet. For around $20 per balance ball, you can help turn the teachers classroom into a ball of fun. These seats (which are essentially an exercise ball with feet) make learning so much fun.

Analysis Of Super Juniors Strengths And Weaknesses

Analysis Of Super Junior's Strengths And Weaknesses Super Junior is a 13-year-old idol group with a lot of guaranteed strengths, which made them to be one of the most successful artists of South Korean. Firstly, Super Junior is a group of 13 members with diversified talents who can update and adopt to the changing demands and tastes of the local and global environment. They are individual artist who are continuously working to enhance their multiple skills in entertainment industry by taking acting, singing, dance and foreign language class to communicate with international fans. With diverse abilities in different types of entertainment, Super Junior members can readily absorb local entertainment and identify their strength to fit into the gap of local artists; the large number of members (13 at their peak, 11 now) is also both strength and weakness. Secondly, their flexibility of member number (sub-unit groups) allow different experiments in new markets (such as Super Junior M, Super Junior KRY, etc.) and new genre of music performance (ballad songs, dance RB music or fascinating fierce performances, etc.). Besides, instead of operated and managed with other artists under SM Entertainment (SMEnt), Super Junior has been promoted under SJ Label a sub company of SMEnt with separated investment, staff teams and activities since 2015, which brought them more chance to shine not only domestically but internationally. With the management of SJ Label, they do not have to compete with other artists within SMEnt to get investment and resources. More than 10 years in the industry, they have elaborated themselves with relationship, reputation, experiences and power as well as experiences to attract new group of audiences and countries; good relationship within the entertainment market. Moreover, the fact that all members are above teenagers could be their chance to be easier recognized among young and early debut boy bands especially for international taste of appearance. Now, their initial contracts, so-called â€Å"slave contracts†, were expired so that they are now pursuing their own desire rather than being forced to fill the tight schedule made by the firm. Last but by no mean least, loyal fans and followers who have been supported them for a long time could be the intermediators to their friends, families or colleagues and not mentioning that they are growing up and have improved income so that these audiences shall be taken into account with special conditions; they have engaged fandom who are dedicated and devoted (like buying SMEnt stock to support their rights, buying billboard and advertising to help promote their album and concert, doing volunteers under Super Junior name) Beside their strengths, they also have weakness, some of which are the common of South Korean artists, but the rest might be from their own problems. Language and culture barrier to enter new markets out of their traditional zones (China, Japan or South East Asia).

Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk - Essay Example In this context, the greater the risk, the more that alternative is unfavourable while if the risk is lower the alternative is the best for an individual to take a course of action into it (ALEXANDER, 2008). In my work I will examine the risks in relation to financial assets. Probability can be defined as the possibility that a given event will occur or take place; therefore, it is the possibility of an event coming to pass. For example, probability of a woman given birth to a boy child or a girl is 0.5. This means that there is a possibility of a girl or boy child being delivered. In this manner, is the method that is used to define and measure likelihood distribution of possible outcomes, and taking into consideration variables of its distributions at different occurrences (CONNOR, GOLDBERG & KORAJCZYK, 2010)? Due to different understanding of term risk many scholars are of other takes that measure risks especially those that emphasizes on negative results or that are below some known referent points. Different scholars have also defined risks in terms of how risky it is to take certain alternatives. In this scholars view risk as a perceptual variable. For example taking participants with a pair of gambles and asking them which gamble appear riskier to them. In addition one can assess individual’s sensitivity on riskiness by putting up a scale of 1(not at all risky) to 50 (extremely risky). This will give results on how individual view risks in a given situation. The major concern of such ratings or models is to have a grasp of individual perception on risks (ALEXANDER, 2008). In their perception on a given risk people judge risks and feel that their judgment is significant. Risks judgment is a routine carried out in the day to day activities. Managers approximate the riskiness of various courses of action and implement these actions with a lot of

Islamic history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islamic history - Essay Example However, the study will be guided by such questions as where did Islam start and who were the first people to adhere to it? What are the main ideologies that define Islam and how has they evolved over time? When did Islam start and what historical significance has the ideology had over the course of its evolution to the modern day Islam? Islam started in the seventh century (C.E) as instituted by Prophet Mohammed and it took over the Arabic region, which was characteristically defined by polytheism. It is adherent to monotheism and as such the ideology stipulates that there is no other God to be worshiped but Allah. It therefore transformed greatly the religious systems of the traditional nomadic life that was characteristic of the Arabs from the extremes of worshiping many Gods as well as paganism to the faith in Allah. Prophet Mohammed was born in late sixth century and in the early seventh century; he is believed to have had an encounter with an angle of God where he became the pr ophet (apostle) of God (Nawwab, Speers and Hoye, para 1-5). Through divine revelations, Mohamed is said to have written the Quran as it is adhered to in Islam. Therefore, among other great ideologies that define Islam, Quran as it was written by the last prophet of Allah (Mohammed) is complete, infallible, perfect and eternal and thus holds eminently against any influence or modification. In religious matters, the tenets presented in Quran held and continuously holds to define Islam. Islam ascribes to various ideologies which include that God is transcendent and omnipotent, that there are angles, that Quran are words of God’s revelation through his prophets as well as there is the last day that awaits all and in which God’s judgment to mankind will be pronounced. Moreover, the Islam believes that God is all knowing and as such, he is omniscient (â€Å"The History of Islam† 1-3). Despite the great transformation that characterized the inception of Islam, as a rel igion in the Arabian countries in matters of polytheism believes, Islam held to the supremacy of Allah as god who was more impressive than the rest. Besides being the creator, Allah was and is believed to be the provider as well as the determiner to human destiny in eternity (â€Å"History of Islam† para 3). Besides, the Muslims have dispersed everywhere to occupy all the parts of the globe where Islam has been introduced. Little is seen to have changed in terms of believe systems and ideologies as they were instituted and depicted in Quran. The modern day Islam upholds five basic rules, which are prayer, fasting, faith, almsgiving as well as pilgrimage at Ka’bah (â€Å"History of Islam† 5). The evolution in Islam has been more in matters of spread and global acceptance as unlike in matters of systems of believes. Besides much of what is practiced in the modern day in Islamic circles is purely as it was practiced traditionally as instructed by Prophet Mohammed i n Quran (Nasr, vii-xix). In spite of the little evolutionally changes that has been shown in ideological aspects of Islam, misinterpretation and misrepresentation of the ideologies has led to wrong perception of the culture. It is increasingly being associated with acts of terror due to few of its teachings on Jihad and such political activism which has in the past led to political as well as religious conflicts in different parts of the globe

Wk6 case brief con law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Wk6 case brief con law - Essay Example This was the police from Kentucky Lexington-Fayette Urban County. Upon arrival at the door, their suspicion were confirmed to be true when they smelt marijuana. They also announced their presence at the door while notifying the occupant of their intent to get into the house. According to the fourth amendment, a search must be reasonable to allow exploration without a warrant if a probable cause remains established with particularity. After hearing a sound from inside the house, which suggested destruction of evidence, the police struck the door as loud as possible to inform the occupants of their entry. It is also a fact that, upon entry, the police found illegal Paraphernalia. They also found the defendant, King enjoying his marijuana in a sofa set. In addition, they also found cocaine in plenty in the house. This led to the arrest of defendant King giving reference to the United States laws which prohibit possession of such drugs. However, king filed a case to suppress all the evid ence due to the non-formal entry of the police. The main issue of controversy in the court proceedings is the means of evidence acquisition. This is after the defendant king filed a hearing to suppress the evidence. This is because the police entered the premises without a search warrant. Consequently, the nature of announcing their presence in the premises although reasonable, violated the fourth amendment. In addition, the seizure and search caused exigency of circumstance. This prompted reaction from the defendant hence producing the sound heard by the police. Another issue, which brings controversy between the defendant and respondent, is the fact that the police did through investigation. In as much as they had sufficient information to acquire a warrant of arrest, they went ahead to search the house. In the fourth amendment, the means of arresting and conducting searches play an imperative role in shaping a courts verdict. The Fayette County

What Problems Do Mega Cities Cause Environmental Sciences Essay

What Problems Do Mega Cities Cause Environmental Sciences Essay With the open markets and the liberasation of the economy in 1991 India went on a fast track economic boom with an 8-9% GDP growth per year. Urban areas have experienced an unprecedented rate of growth over the last 30 years. India is considered to be one of the most attractive countries for industry in the world as the vast population and the low living standards ensure the cheap manpower (when a normal salary in Europe or America is 40 dollars per day the 80% of the population in India lives with less than 2 dollars among them the 34.7% with less than 1 dollar per day) and thus the viability for the industries. As a result the mitigation phenomenon to big cities from rural areas has started the last decades and cannot be controlled. Unfortunately as it is going to be explained below the infrastructure lacks and so does not usually ensure a friendly and sustainable place for the immigrant-dwellers. Creation of mega-cities During the last 50 years Indians population has more than doubled (today 1.2 billion), but the urban population has grown nearly five times (H.Taubenbock,2008). Right now more than 50% of the whole earths population live in urban areas (Clark, 2003). The graph below shows the population growth of Mumbai Graph 1. Ref (M.Barke, 1998) More than 20 huge cities (with over than 10 million inhabitants) around the world were identified; three of the cities, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkatta, were on the Indian subcontinent. Mumbai with 3.1% and Delhi with 4.1%, the highest, population growth rates in the world. Cities and their growth should be examined carefully as they cover only 2% of the earths surface and consume 75% of all resources as well as producing 75% of all waste (Girardet, 1999; UNFPA, 2007). Â  Picture 1 table 1 (Ref. H.Taubenbock, 2009. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems) Location of Indias large urban agglomerations and population growth in the 9 largest Indian cities in million of inhabitants. Lack of infrastructure-Problems In the new mega cities with the uncontrolled urbanization a huge percent of the population is accommodated in slums without houses, hospitals, hostels, roads, no kind of city planning and finally but most importantly no sanitation, drainage system and water treatment. Below there is a photo which shows the phenomenon of the slums in the huge cities in India. Picture 2 (Ref. http://www.google.gr/images?um=1HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18hl=elHYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18tbs=isch:1HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18q=slums+in+indiaHYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18sa=NHYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Ns tart=306ndsp=18start=306HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18ndsp=18) The picture above shows the largest slum in Asia at the heart of Indias financial capital Mumbai where millions of poor in India live in such conditions. The rapid and extensive sprawl of the urban population cannot provide the urban planners with the information needed in order to provide plans with the appropriate amenities such as water, sanitation and electricity. Main arising problems include: (Ref. R.K.MUTATKAR,1995) a) Housing: As the urban population has been increased from 20% in 1971 to 38% in 1991 and is still rapidly increased urban land becomes very precious and insufficient to cover all the needs. As a result 30% of the population lives in slums and 45% live in single room tenements. Around 20% of houses are made from mud and thatch and one third of the population has no access to a lavatory. b) Water supply: Common water posts are provided as the water in cities is inequitable. In Ahmadabad for example, 25% of the population consume 90% of the water whilst the rest of the population 75% have to consume 10% of water. Approximately the 34% of the poor urban dwellers do not have a piped water supply. c) Sanitation: Despite the improvement in providing sanitation facilities, most of the towns depend on open surface drains for the waste water disposal which in terms is vulnerable to communicable diseases from flies, bacteria e.t.c. Also where underground sewerage system exist there is a danger of seepage in the corroded pipes which may cause great health hazards like hepatitis and diarrhoea epidemics. d) Pollution: Air and water are mainly polluted from transport and industries. In Calcutta for example there are 11,516 factories and 525,000 cars. Also as the 70% of the population is using coal as cooking fuel, it is subsequently one of the most polluted cities in the world. Unfortunately rivers are heavily polluted by industrial wastes. e) Health care delivery: Despite the provision of municipal dispensaries, public hospitals and private clinics and the modern imported technologies the medical system does not operate normally. As the 80% of medical practitioners cater the needs of only 20% of the urban population. The public hospitals and its stuff shows a very apathetic attitude to the patients in the public hospitals which enforce them to prefer the private clinics. f) Transportation problems: The unplanned design of slums does not usually satisfy the efficient transportation of the workers. Due to the huge population concentration, the big distances to the work places and the undeveloped unfriendly to the environment transportation modes it is estimated that the transport sector is responsible for 70% of the national CO2 emissions. g) Morbidity and related problems: In these over-populated areas (regions), communicable diseases like leprocy and venereal are in high levels. The poverty leads the men to alcoholism and few women to prostitution. Crime rates have been increased tremendously as well as death in the cities due to accidents and lack of transport and road safety education. i) Climate change/fast growing cities: Except the lack of infrastructure and the living problems which that causes to slum dwellers mega cities contribute seriously to the climate change. Are charectirized from high levels of energy consumption, burning of fossil fuels and concentrated activities in disproportionate land. Unfortunately the overpopulation of these sites and their rapid expansion to the suburban areas makes the problem even worse and impossible to be solved apace. In conclusion urbanization problems have arisen from rural poverty and unemployment which motivated the citizens to migrate to big industrial cities. There is not however the appropriate infrastructure to accomodate the new comers or proper planning of transport, water, drainage and health care delivery system. Mellenium Development goals for India (Ref.Economy, Investment Finance Reports.2006) The Millennium Declaration adopted 8 development goals for India are briefly presented below. The majority of them are relevant to urbanizations arising problems. 1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger: India must reduce by 2015 the proportion of people below poverty line from nearly 37.5 percent in 1990 to about 18.75 percent. National Rural Employment Act will help to reduce the poverty ratio even further. 2) Achieve universal primary education: India should increase the primary school enrolment rate to 100 percent and wipe out the drop-outs by 2015 against 41.96 percent in 1991-92. 3) Promote gender equality and empower women: The female participation at all levels should be promoted to reach a female male proportion of equal level by 2015. 4) Reduce child mortality: The target is to reduce under five mortality rate (U5MR) from 125 deaths per thousand live births in 1988-92 to 42 in 2015 5) Improve maternal health: India should reduce maternal mortality (MMR) from 437 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1991 to 109 by 2015. 6) Combat HIV/ AIDS, malaria and other diseases: As the prevalence rate has increased from 0.74 per thousand pregnant women in 2002 to 0.86 in 2003, this increasing trend needs to be reversed to achieve MDG 6. 7) Ensure environmental sustainability: The proportion of population without sustainable access to drinkable water and sanitation is to be halved by 2015 and India is on track to achieve this target. Also this step involves the protection of forests and presrvation of natural resources. 8) Develop a global partnership for development: Basically meant for the Developed Countries to provide development assistance to developing countries. These goals are intended to confront poverty, illiteracy, hunger, lack of education, gender inequality, infant and maternal mortality, disease and environmental degradation. Solutions social-environmental-economical point of view (Ref. Manoj Roy,(2009)) A number of solutions and measures should be introduced in order to contribute in the elimination or at least decrease of the pre-mentioned problems. Activities and measures will involve land use planning, climate change and city sustainability towards an overall urban sustainability which in terms will lead to a better life type now and maintenance of it for next generations. 1) Economic activities will invole: a) Decentralisation by generating new jobs, work places in suburban areas or support to those existing in the rural areas in order to motivate the dwellers to stay, that will lead to a more balanced employment distribution. b) Establishment of export zones for promoting their production and linkages between the formal and informal sectors as well as linkages between the rural and urban economy. c) Support to micro-enterprises and especially those developed by women. Non governmental organizations could also provide micro-credit. 2) Social and institutional activities will involve: a)Measures to encourage the public participation in the planning process, strengthening the participation of municipal authorities and the adoption of a strategic planning approach. b) Land use plans and effects of land use alterations, research and development in the construction methods and building materials, mechanisms for private contractors to promote low cost housing scheme and development of secondary towns with the prospect to accomodate slum dwellers. c) Enhance community participation in slum improvement project components, urban infrastructure improvement projects, measures to reduce the total population and health service programmes. 3) Environmental activities will involve: Respect and proper implementation of the environmental laws, reduction of travel time, preservation of rural areas with high agricultural and ecological importance especially when these are located in or near to urban areas. Mitigation of flood, recycling, waste water disposal and sanitation and generally measures to reduce the pollution from industry and vehicles. As climate change is of high importance nowadays few economic, social and environmental measures which could reduce the phenomenon are presented. Economic measures related to climate change would be the enhancement of financial (the one which allows productive activities to get going)and social (shared values and mutual understanding) capital by reducing the travel time and distance, congestion, emmisions, industrial pollution and the promotion of sustainable technology (environmental measures as well). Synergy between the urban and rural climate change resonses is needed as well as reduction of vulnerability of poor and women. Social/institutional measures target on public awareness, education for appropriate environmental behaviour, reduction of carbon sinks, enhancement of responsive capacity of the local authorities e.t.c. Resilience of the built environment plans and energy efficiency with protection and measures against the vulnerability of the poor. Engineering role and contribution The problems presented above should be confronted and are big challenges for the humanity as whole. In this approach which will have as targets the above pre-mentioned goals which will lead to the improvement of human lives with respect to the environment, the role of engineers is really vital. For the city planning and development series of data, plans and knowledge are needed like scientific background, geo-information technology, planning support systems, urban morphology etc. All of the above in order to be efficiently used will be analysed and used from civil engineers. Especially civil engineers which are involved with the majority of projects such as sustainable city planning, development of existing infrastructure (strengthening of existing constructions, maintenance e.t.c), transportation issues (design of roads), waste water treatment and sanitation mechanisms e.t.c will be responsible for the sustainable development and future progress of these regions.

Immersion Schools :: Teaching Public Education

Immersion Schools Immersion schools started for a number of reasons, but predominantly to include native language use in the education of language-minority students. This enabled children from other countries to learn English along with studying in their native language. Immersion integrated native English speakers and native speakers of another language (such as Spanish or French) for most of the day, with the goals of promoting academic achievement, language development and cultural understanding of other students. Immersion schools keep their populations balanced, they hold around fifty percent native English speakers and fifty percent speakers of a non-English language. The academic instruction is held in both languages, with the non-English language being used from fifty to ninety percent of the time. This way the students can be the learners and the teachers at the same time. The two-way immersion creates a bilingual environment for all students; since the first language (for example English) is maintained while the second language (for example Spanish or French) is acquired. Schools are set up to promote this bilingual language learning. Teachers are persuaded to use cooperative learning, hands-on material and visual and graphic displays to teach the content material. The schools are required to have classroom materials in both languages, and school wide materials such as library resources and computer software in both languages. They ask for support from families and the community. They make serious efforts to ensure that both languages and cultures are thought of equally, and the families are included in the school decisions. Schools face some problems with beginning the immersion program. Not many of their teachers had ever experienced this kind of language immersion when they were in school, which makes it difficult to understand how to teach these children. The schools tend to try and create a program for the teachers to attend before coming into their own classroom, but there is only so much a program can prepare that teacher for. Traditional teaching and teaching at immersion schools are dramatically different. In Immersion schools language acquisition is important along with the basic teaching skills. Although teaching the second language is the most crucial part of immersion schools, teaching the basics and making sure that the children understand is still very important. Teachers at the immersion schools have four specific teacher tasks: to make the input comprehensible, to provide opportunities for language output, to enhance the comprehensibility of readings and to develop a system for providing constructive feedback.